The Dynamics of Migrant Smuggling in North Africa: Focus on the Central Mediterranean Route

North Africa is a dynamic migration region that acts as the origin, transit and destination region for the various migratory flows that pass through it. These flows were traditionally dominated by sub-Saharan Africans who either remained in the region or transited through on their way to Europe. There has also been a movement of North Africans to Libya in search of employment, and in more limited cases, to board boats to Europe. From 2012 onwards, there has also been a movement of Syrian refugees to Libya, initially to wait for an end to the conflict at home and later to board boats to Europe. The individuals that travel along these routes form a complex group of people, including migrants, asylum seekers, refugees, minors, and involuntary migrants who possess differing motivations. Yet, they all follow the same journeys and are often in the hands of the same smugglers.For this reason, and for the purposes of this article, the word ‘migrant’ will be used broadly to refer to all people on the move through the region, unless a distinction is otherwise made.

West Africa

Major developments

The crisis that erupted in Côte d’Ivoire in September 2002 continued to have implications for operations in neighbouring countries in 2003. While the anticipated mass exodus did not materialize, there was considerable upheaval in border zones of adjacent countries as sizeable numbers of refugees fled alongside economic migrants from West African States. Early in the year thousands of Ivorian and third country nationals fled to eastern Liberia together with Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees.

Many were subsequently uprooted by fresh conflict and forced into further displacement inside Liberia, into Guinea or back to war-affected areas in western Côte d’Ivoire. The Linas-Marcoussis peace agreement signed in January 2003 did not yield all of the results expected, and Côte d’Ivoire remains divided, with the north under the control of the Forces nouvelles.

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Ré-initialisation du monde à Davos contre spiritualité : La lutte finale ?

« Il faut prendre l’argent aux pauvres, d’accord, ils ne sont pas riches, mais ils sont nombreux. » (Alphonse Allais)

« Quand les blancs sont venus en Afrique, nous avions la terre et ils avaient la Bible. Ils nous ont demandé de prier avec les yeux fermés ; quand nous avons ouvert les yeux, les blancs avaient la terre et nous avions la Bible. » (Jomo Kenyatta ancien président du Kenya)

Tuareg – Mali

Mali’s population consists of diverse sub-Saharan ethnic groups, sharing similar historic, cultural, and religious traditions. Exceptions are the Tuaregs and Maurs, desert nomads, related to the North African Berbers. The Tuareg, a semi-nomadic people who live in northern Mali, but also in Niger, Burkina Faso, Algeria and Libya, represent no more than 10 percent of Mali’s population. The Tuaregs have had a history of struggle since Mali’s independence in 1960. A series of rebellions, which were the result of a struggle for greater autonomy, to preserve traditional Tuareg ways of life, and to share in the benefits of a modernizing Malian state, led to clashes with the military from 1963 to 1964, 1990 to 1996, 2006, and 2012.

Wagnering The Dog: Russian Military Expert Skomorokhov Believes That Prigozhin’s Private Army Represents The Future Of The Russian Army

The capture of the Ukrainian town of Soledar on the Bakhmut front by the Wagner Private Military Company represented a Russian military success after a succession of setbacks. Wagner’s success elicited favorable press for the company including comparisons between its performance and the spotty achievements of the regular Russian army.

Turkey faces tough options on Syrian rebel allies amid Damascus thaw

Ankara’s quest to restore ties with Damascus has left its Syrian rebel allies confused as Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the jihadi group controlling Idlib, seeks to raise its profile and lure the disenchanted to its ranks.

As the Turkish-Syrian dialogue advances and the prospect of Ankara pulling the plug on its Syrian allies looms large for the rebels, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the jihadi outfit holding sway in Idlib, appears eager to take advantage of the confusion in the rebels’ ranks and expand its control.

A Brief Summary of the Rothschild Crime Syndicate’s Activities in the Middle East and Elsewhere

There has been much that has already been written about the Rothschild crime syndicate. We acknowledge that for those who are not part of the general global awakening and the truth movement, such discussions could get too confusing and even overwhelming. As such, it is my intent in this article to unravel and shed light on any still-lingering confusion by speaking to common people and not just my fellow intellectual elites, academicians, and fellow independent researchers.

Destruction-oriented narratives from nontraditional Islam as a tool of U.S. foreign policy

“Terrorism is when the United States implants a dictatorial regime somewhere, relying on bayonets and using terror against its own people.” Former CIA officer F. Agee.

Intervention in the internal affairs of foreign states became a major direction of U.S. foreign policy soon after the end of World War II. The key instrument for achieving these goals was an agency with virtually unlimited powers, approved under the National Security Act of 1947, called the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Vešala iz Davosa

I bi Davos. I ovog puta skup svetske poslovne, političke i umetničke elite pružio je priliku raspojasanim protivnicima da se istresu na kapitalizam, privatnu svojinu i bogate ljude.