Orientul Mijlociu

On April 2, 2021, as part of its Frontline documentary series, the U.S.-based PBS television network published an article discussing an interview with Abu Muhammad Al-Joulani, leader of Syrian jihadi group Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS). The article, titled “Syrian Militant and Former Al Qaeda Leader Seeks Wider Acceptance in First Interview with U.S. Journalist,” describes the interview with Al-Joulani, which was conducted by PBS correspondent Martin Smith in February 2021 in Idlib, Syria.[1]

The article includes two brief video clips in which Al-Joulani answers questions about the HTS designation as a terrorist organization and the group’s treatment of its rivals. In the clips, Al-Joulani responds in Arabic to questions Smith poses in English, asserting that HTS does not pose a threat to the U.S. or Europe and that the group’s terrorist designation was a political decision. He denies that HTS tortures prisoners, and invites international humanitarian organizations to inspect HTS prisons.

The talk of Syrians offering their bodies for sale in order to secure their livelihood is no longer just a rumor as a local radio station received a call from a number of people confirming that they are in fact selling their kidneys and urging buyers to hurry and take advantage of the opportunity and the low prices.

Syrians in the Netherlands are anxiously awaiting the formation of the new government, despite the fact that one of the major parties supporting them obtained good results in the parliamentary elections last month. Syrians fear that the largest party in the Netherlands wants to suggest amending the naturalization law in the country after the formation of the government.

Danish Minister of Immigration and Integration, Mattias Tesfaye, created a crisis in Denmark when he canceled the resident status from a host of Syrian refugees, which would blow up their future.

The case of the Syrian student Aya Abu Zahr has gone viral on social media in Denmark after receiving an official letter that freezes her residency and demands that she leave the country, only three months before graduating from high school.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights revealed that the Turkish intelligence had instructed the leaders of the so-called “National Army” mercenaries to prepare for the possibility of sending them to Ukraine in the event of an escalation of tension between Russia and Ukraine.

In the context of Washington’s investment in terrorism and prolonging the war of aggression waged against Syria, the US occupation forces transferred a new batch of Islamic State (ISIS) terrorists from their base in the city of Shaddadi to the eastern countryside of Deir-ez-Zor.

The gray zone is the space between peace and war involving coercive actions that fall outside normal geopolitical competition between states but do not reach the level of armed conflict…. They usually seek to avoid a significant military response, though are often designed to intimidate and deter a target state by threatening further escalation.

[B]ut do liberal democracies in the 21st Century have the political will to do the dirty work that is necessary to win?

Western nations have multiple pre-emptive and reactive options to respond to gray zone actions directed against them or their allies, most effectively involving multilateral coordination. The objective should be to frustrate or deter, avoiding escalation that might lead to all-out conflict. Broadly, options fall into four categories: diplomatic, informational, economic and military.

A review of the 10 countries that yielded the most individuals affiliated with ISIS found varying levels of commitment to repatriation and prosecution.

In the two years since the self-declared Islamic State lost its last physical stronghold in Raqqa, Syria, thousands of ISIS foreign fighters, along with their wives and children, have remained in limbo, mostly in Iraqi custody or in Kurdish detention camps in northeastern Syria.