Cherbourg Nuclear Umbrella: How Europe Can Secure Its Own Nuclear Deterrent Without US Involvement

The United States is going to abolish the post of NATO commander in Europe. Experts interpret this decision as Washington’s first step toward leaving the alliance. Potentially, this leaves European NATO countries defenseless against a nuclear threat from Russia. Europe has several ways to ensure its own nuclear security: expanding France’s deterrence system to the entire continent, jointly using nuclear weapons, or developing its own nuclear weapons. However, there are no quick fixes in this area that could immediately compensate for the loss of American involvement. Each of the possible options leads to its own set of technical, political, and military problems, says Fabian Hoffmann, a researcher in defense policy at the University of Oslo in Norway.